Greenpower

Analyse and reason of automobile batteries' failure and problems

Malfunction	Phenomenon	Causation	Responsibility ascription
Over-charge	1. Container’s color and luster darkle 2. Separators nigrescence 3. The level of electrolyte debate or redden 4. Active material grievously fall off from plates 5. The capacity meter indicate red zone during inspecting 6. Hard staring automobile , battery touch hot 7. The proportion of the electrolyte higher than the standard level 8. The positive grids is eroded and rupture.	1. The setting voltage of the adjustor in the automobile is higher than the prescription draw by the manufacturer (the charge voltage of the 12V battery using in automobile is 13.8-14.4V). 2. The charge voltage adjustor in the automobile is out of control. 3. Wrong operation with the charge current big current change for a long time(the charge voltage of the 12Vbattery for motorcycle is 14-14.5V,6V battery is half of that)	Improper using of the customer
Over- -discharge	1. Open up circuit voltage below 10V(12Vbattery, 6V battery is half of that) 2. The proportion of the electrolyte less than 1.15 3. The color of the positive plates get yellow or yellow-white(showing brown normally), the plates bend obviously( resulting in the batteries short circuit of grips rupture). 4. The active material on the positive plates and negative plates get hard and frangible. The user complaint the batteries cannot discharge.	1. The operative battery is under charge 2. The electrode circuit of the automobile is short circuit. 3. The electrode facility continue working when the automobile out of use. 4. The charge voltage of adjustor is too low (less than 13.8V) 5. The batteries didn’t charge after a long time storage. 6. The user put impure electrolyte into the batteries, or put pool water, river water, well water, brook water, field water, tap water or mineral water into the working batteries, resulting in the bag self-discharge of the battery	Improper using of the customers
Improper operation in pouring electrolye	The proportion of the electrolyte is too high or too low after change, the user complaint that the batteries can not discharge	1. The proportion of the electrolyte in the first pouring is too large(over 1.290 25℃ or 260 25℃ ) 2. When the level of the electrolyte decline, pouring the vitriol liquid and impurity water( such as pool water, river water, well water, brook water, field water tap water or mineral water)into the working batteries..	Improper using of the customers
Short Circuit	1. The inspected voltage is 10V or less 10V. 2. The proportion of the electrolyte in one cell is obvious lower than the other five cells. 3. Using the capacity testing meter inspect the short circuit cell, bubble appear. 4. The user complaint that one of the cell is hotter than other cells under charge, bubble appear, and out of using after change.	1.The plates bend and transmutation, piercing the separator. 2. Lead grain fall into the battery cell. 3. The separator break.	Unqualified battery, manufacturer exchange it for the user.
Short Circuit		4. The battery fall into the electric medium during delivery. 5. Battery is at the end of its lifespan after a long time service, the active material fall off the plates in abundance.	Improper using of the customers.
Open Circuit	1. The inspected voltage of the positive terminal and negative terminal is 0V shown on the voltage meter or normal voltage, the proportion of the electrolyte is normal or approach normal 2. The ampere meter indicate abnormally and unsteadily ,or show no current. 3. Bubble( peculiar smell) effervesce from the open circuit, when the battery discharge by capacity meter. 4. If the open circuit as result of the terminal pole breaking, there’s “PP” knocking the breaking place, and the breaking terminal pole is hotter than the others. 5. The user complaint that the battery cannot charge or discharge,	1. The jointing of the terminal poles and plates in cells weren’t fastness. 2. The plates didn’t install properly, the terminal pole broken down under vibration after a long time service.	Unqualified battery, manufacturer exchange it for the user.
Open Circuit		3. Short circuit occur out of the battery( some of the terminal poles have the mark of partial melt. 4. Engine malfunction, big current discharge for a long time. 5. The Starter malfunction, big current starting discharge for a long time.	Improper using of the customers
Under change	1. The voltage below 12V or 6V 2. The proportion of the electrolyte less than 1.22 3. Hard starting, light dinginess, the sound of horn diminishing, the other electric appliance in the automobile such as sound equipment performance abnormally. 4. The color exchange between the positive terminal and negative terminal. 5. The color exchange between the positive plates and negative plates.	1. The setup number of the charge voltage in the automobile is too low or the malfunction of the charge system. 2. The load of the automobile is bigger than the biggest voltage prescribed, by manufacturer. 3. The circuit is slightly turn-off. 4. The malfunction of engine. 5. The malfunction of the starter. 6. The terminals aren’t jointing well.	Improper using of the customers.
Improper operation of pouring water	The level of the liquid is below the “water lowest limit line”, even lower than the top of the plates.	Having not pour the pure water into the battery timely.	Improper using of the customers.
Leak liquid	1. Liquid leak from the battery, but the battery haven’t obvious mark of strike, beating and extrusion. 2. Improper delivery of the user, conducing the batteries shatter.	The container and the tap didn’t seal fast	Unqualified battery, manufacturer exchange it for the user
Leak liquid		Due to improper delivery, installation, or other incident.	Improper using of the customers.
Inverse polarity	1. The capacity of the battery decline obviously. 2. Open circuit’s voltage is approach 8V after charge(sealed and within the storage limit time.)	Improper assemblage	Unqualified battery, manufacturer exchange it for the user
Inverse polarity	3. Inverse polarity after a period using	Excessive discharge due to one of the cell totally discharge, and charged by other cell in inverse polarity.	Improper using of the customers
The battery out of storage	The storage time of the battery is longer than the time limited shown in the specification specified by the manufacturer.	The storage time of the dry charge battery, battery for motorcycle, valve sealed storage battery is over one year, the storage time of the batteries for automobile with liquid is over half of year( notice: some of the regular batteries was sent back from the customer, there batteries’ storage time start with the second times’ printing)	Improper using of the customers.
At the end of the lifespan of the battery	1. The active material fall off the bottom of the container in abundance. 2. The color of the battery container nigrescence, the appearance is obviously old. 3. The color of the separator nigrescence, the electrolyte is thickness when the battery charge. 4. The trips was eroded. 5. The user complaint that the effect of the charge is badly, it’s hard to start the automobile.	At the end of the lifespan of the battery	At the end of the time limit of the using.

Analyse and reason of SLA batteries' failure and problems

Malfunction	Phenomenon	Causation	Responsibility ascription
Over-charge	1. The voltage of the 2V battery less than 1.8V. (within 0-1.5V) 2. The voltage of the 12V battery less than 10V, 6V battery less than 5V).	1. The voltage of float charge always less than the range of the charge voltage prescribed in the specification, the battery under charge for a long time. 2. Stopping charge for a long time. 3. The recycle charge battery under charge every time. 4. The battery discharge in a certain current, ever continue discharge at the expiration of the voltage, and never charge timely or battery under charge. 5. Battery’s storage time is too long.	Improper operation and maintenance of the user
Over- -discharge	1. Every cell of the battery swell, and obvious transmutation (the working battery slightly swell and transmutation is normal phenomenon.) 2. Battery’s capacity diminish (the electrolyte get dry) 3. It’s a serious phenomenon that acid leak from the base of the terminal pole of the battery.The voltage is different between a set of battery.	1. The voltage of float charge over the range of the charge voltage prescribed in the specification. 2. The temperature of the operative environment over 45℃,but the float voltage didn’t adjust according the specification.( the standard temperature is 25℃, the charge voltage decline 3mV when the temperature decrease 1℃) 3. As a result of the charge machine out of control or improper operation of the charge machine, the charge current over the current prescribed in the specification for a long time.	Improper operation and maintenance of the user
Short circuit	1. The voltage of one cell in the battery is less than 2V, others working normally (such as 12V battery’s voltage is 10-10.8V, 6V battery’s voltage is 4-4.3V, 2V battery’s voltage is 0V). 2. Every cell in the battery charge equably, but the battery’s voltage can’t reach the rating voltage (such as the voltage of 12V battery can’t over 12V, 6V battery can’t over 6V,2V battery can’t over 2V) and the cell in short circuit heat.	1. The separator break or was pierced. 2. The lead grain fall into the inner of the battery.	Unqualified Battery, manufacturer exchange it for the user.
Leak liquid	1. The container or cover break obviously cause by strike.	Strike during the delivery, installation or other incident.	Finding the Peace breaker
	2. Liquid leak from the valve cap or terminal pole.	As a result of big current charge for a long time, the container’s appearance transmuted, liquid leak.	Improper operation and maintenance of the user
	2. Liquid leak from the valve cap or terminal pole.	Liquid leak from the valve cap or terminal pole, but the appearance keep original state.	Unqualified Battery, manufacturer exchange it for the user
	3.Acid leak from the slot between the container and cover.	The container and the cover can’t be sealed or adhibitted fast.	Unqualified Battery, manufacturer exchange it for the user
Appearance breaking	The terminal pole break or the appearance of the battery breaking	Improper operation of the connection, Or breaking the terminal poles for incident, conducting the battery appearance breaking.	Improper operation and maintenance of the user
Appearance breaking		Improper shipping or delivery.	Finding the Peace breaker
Valve malfunction	1. One cell in the battery swell, even break the container.	The valve cap and the valve base adhibit with each other, so that gas can’t exhaust from the valve.	Unqualified Battery, manufacturer exchange it for the user
Valve malfunction	2. The voltage of open-up circuit or closed circuit of a battery is lower than the others after a long time storage. (the voltage of 12V battery less than 2V, 6V battery less than 5.5V, 12V battery less than 11V). when take the top cover off the battery, one or two valve cap haven’t dent on it. (show dent normally.)	1. It’s too loose between the valve cap and valve base, some of cell can’t seal well. 2. There is some things leaving in the valve cap or valve base, so that the cell can seal well. The oxygen come into the battery, the negative plate oxygenate and self-discharge, and the water in the cell lose so fast that the battery’s capacity is empty.	Unqualified Battery, manufacturer exchange it for the user
Self- -discharge	The storage battery was stored in the environment 25±5℃ for 6 months after full charge, if the capacity loss within 40%, the losing range meet the requirement of JISC8707-1992 or JB/T8451-1996.	The storage battery was store for 6 months and during a period of summer, it’s normal that the battery’s capacity in 10hr ≥50% in the condition of the temperature ≥25℃during summer .	Normal phenomenon
Self- -discharge		The 10hr discharge capacity <50% when the storage battery was stored in variable zone for 6 months. The 10hr discharge capacity< 40% when the storage battery was stored in the torrid zone for 6 months.	Unqualified battery or the high temperature of the storage environment

Notice: 1. The manufacture will in charge of the unqualified battery’s exchange.

2. If the battery’s 10hr discharge capacity <50% because of the high temperature approach 40^oC, the manufacture will exchange the battery or notify the user charge the batteries by themselves according the actual circumstance.